Learn how to talk about events in the past
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Becky: Hi everyone, and welcome back to IndonesianPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner Season 1 Lesson 15 - Are You Missing Out in Indonesia? Becky here. |
| Fira: Halo. I'm Fira. |
| Becky: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the past tense in Indonesian. The conversation takes place on campus. |
| Fira: It's between Maya and Agung. |
| Becky: The speakers are friends, so they’ll be using informal Indonesian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Maya: Eh, kok kamu enggak datang kemarin? |
| Agung: Aku kemarin datang tapi sekitar jam 7 malam. |
| Maya: Oh, berarti aku sudah pulang. |
| Agung: Yah sayang banget! padahal semalam kita sempat makan martabak manis dan durian lo! |
| Maya: Aduh enak banget! |
| Agung: Makanya minggu depan jangan pulang terlalu pagi. |
| Becky: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Maya: Eh, kok kamu enggak datang kemarin? |
| Agung: Aku kemarin datang tapi sekitar jam 7 malam. |
| Maya: Oh, berarti aku sudah pulang. |
| Agung: Yah sayang banget! padahal semalam kita sempat makan martabak manis dan durian lo! |
| Maya: Aduh enak banget! |
| Agung: Makanya minggu depan jangan pulang terlalu pagi. |
| Becky: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Maya: Hey, why didn't you come yesterday? |
| Agung: I came yesterday, but it was around seven at night. |
| Maya: Oh, I’d already gone back home then. |
| Agung: Ahh what a pity!! Last night we had a chance to eat sweet martabak and durian! |
| Maya: Ohhh, it sounds like it was very delicious! |
| Agung: Yeah it was! Don't go home too early next week! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Becky: Fira, I know there are a lot of good sweets in Indonesia, but what do you think is the best kind? |
| Fira: Es Campur. I think it’s the best dessert in Indonesia. |
| Becky: I agree with you. For those who haven’t tried it yet, this is a dessert that is made of mixed fruit on shaved ice. What fruit exactly depends on where you go, but the most common ones are avocado, kolang-kaling, grass jelly, pineapple, cendol, and jackfruit. The fruit is put on shaved ice, then infused with a drizzle of coco pandan syrup and sweet condensed milk. Sometimes diced bread is added. |
| Fira: If you visit Jakarta you can also find a version with young coconut and durian. Make sure to try it if you have a chance! |
| Becky: Are there any other desserts that you want to recommend, Fira? |
| Fira: Well.. I’ll say martabak manis. It’s a super delicious thick and fluffy stuffed sweet pancake. |
| Becky: Ah yes, that’s good too. This dessert is soft, moist, and chewy, and you can choose either chocolate sprinkles, chocolate and cheese, or just cheese as a filling. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Becky: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Fira: enggak [natural native speed] |
| Becky: no, nothing |
| Fira: enggak[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: enggak [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Fira: kemarin [natural native speed] |
| Becky: yesterday |
| Fira: kemarin[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: kemarin [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Fira: sayang [natural native speed] |
| Becky: too bad, pity |
| Fira: sayang[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: sayang [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Fira: martabak [natural native speed] |
| Becky: a stuffed pancake |
| Fira: martabak[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: martabak [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Fira: terlalu [natural native speed] |
| Becky: too, too much |
| Fira: terlalu[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: terlalu [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Fira: sudah [natural native speed] |
| Becky: already |
| Fira: sudah[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: sudah [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Fira: semalam [natural native speed] |
| Becky: last night |
| Fira: semalam[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: semalam [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Fira: sempat [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to have an opportunity, to have a chance |
| Fira: sempat[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: sempat [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Fira: banget [natural native speed] |
| Becky: very (informal) |
| Fira: banget[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: banget [natural native speed] |
| Becky: And last? |
| Fira: aduh [natural native speed] |
| Becky: ouch |
| Fira: aduh[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: aduh [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Becky: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The key phrase for this lesson is…. |
| Fira: sayang banget |
| Becky: meaning “That's too bad!” |
| Fira: Sayang is an adjective meaning “pity” or “too bad.” Banget is an adverb, the informal word meaning “very.” |
| Becky: So literally this is an informal way to say “very bad.” You can use this phrase when you want to say “that's too bad,” or “that's a pity” to show empathy towards someone's misfortune. Can you give us an example using this word, Fira? |
| Fira: Sure. For example, you can say.. Sayang banget banyak makanan yang tersisa. |
| Becky: ...which means “It's too bad, there are many leftovers.” |
| Fira: Sayang banget means “it’s too bad” and then we have banyak makanan meaning “many foods” and yang tersisa meaning “that are left.” “Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Becky: In this lesson you’ll learn how to talk about events in the past in Indonesian. Unlike in English, you can use the same verb for both past and present so you don’t have to conjugate when talking about the past! For example, if someone says.. |
| Fira: Saya pergi ke sekolah. |
| Becky: It means “I go to school.” If you want to say “I went to school,” you simply need to add the word |
| Fira: sudah |
| Becky: which means “already.” |
| Fira: You can use telah instead which also means “already.” |
| Becky: So “I went to school” in Indonesian is.. |
| Fira: Saya sudah pergi ke sekolah. You can add sudah after the subject saya. |
| Becky: What about “I already ate breakfast”? |
| Fira: You can say.. Saya sudah makan pagi or Saya telah makan pagi. Saya makan pagi means “I eat breakfast.” Here, you can add sudah meaning “already” when describing it as a past event. |
| Becky: And if the event just happened, we can use another word, right? |
| Fira: Right. For something that has been done recently, we use the words barusan or baru saja which literally means “just now.” |
| Becky: For example... |
| Fira: Barusan dia menelepon. |
| Becky: meaning “He called just now.” |
| Fira: Or you can say Baru saja dia menelepon using the word Baru saja . You can also use the word tadi, meaning “earlier”, to express the indefinite past, and the word dulu meaning “ago” to express the distant past. |
| Becky: Can you give us an example? |
| Fira: Sure. Tadi sore saya bertemu teman saya. |
| Becky: “Earlier in the afternoon, I met my friend.” |
| Fira: Tadi sore means “earlier this afternoon” and it makes the entire sentence refer to a past event. |
| Becky: Okay, how about one more example? |
| Fira: Dulu rambut saya panjang. |
| Becky: “My hair used to be long.” Literally this is “In the past, my hair long.” |
| Fira: Dulu is the word meaning “ago.” . |
| Becky: This makes the entire sentence refer to the distant past, like a few years ago. Listeners, please be sure to check the lesson notes for more examples and explanations. |
Outro |
| Becky: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Fira: Sampai jumpa lagi. |
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