Learn how to form the present and past progressive tenses
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Becky: Hi everyone! Welcome to IndonesianPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner Season 1, Lesson 5: Sleeping Your Life Away in Indonesia. I’m Becky! |
| Fira: Halo. I'm Fira. |
| Becky: Fira, what are we going to learn in this lesson? |
| Fira: In this lesson, you’ll learn to how to make present and past progressive tenses in Indonesian. |
| Becky: The conversation takes place in a living room... |
| Fira: ...and it’s between Dewi and Budi. |
| Becky: Since the speakers are sister and brother, they’ll be speaking informal Indonesian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Dewi: Kamu di mana tadi pagi? |
| Budi: Saya tadi sedang tidur. |
| Dewi: Dan siang ini? |
| Budi: Sedang tidur. |
| Dewi: Bangun sekarang. Ini sudah malam. |
| Budi: Saya masih remaja. Teman saya bilang itu normal. |
| Becky: Listen to the conversation slowly one more time. |
| Dewi: Kamu di mana tadi pagi? |
| Budi: Saya tadi sedang tidur. |
| Dewi: Dan siang ini? |
| Budi: Sedang tidur. |
| Dewi: Bangun sekarang. Ini sudah malam. |
| Budi: Saya masih remaja. Teman saya bilang itu normal. |
| Becky: Now, let’s listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Dewi: Kamu di mana tadi pagi? |
| Dewi: Where were you this morning? |
| Budi: Saya tadi sedang tidur. |
| Budi: I was sleeping. |
| Dewi: Dan siang ini? |
| Dewi: And this afternoon? |
| Budi: Sedang tidur. |
| Budi: Sleeping. |
| Dewi: Bangun sekarang. Ini sudah malam. |
| Dewi: So, get up now. It's already evening. |
| Budi: Saya masih remaja. Teman saya bilang itu normal. |
| Budi: I'm a teenager. My friends say it's normal. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Becky: When I was a teenager, I loved to stay up late and sleep all day. There was nothing better than taking a long nap. Do Indonesian people like to nap? |
| Fira: Of course we do! Napping is highly recommended for toddlers and growing kids, and normally school kids take a nap after lunch when come home from school. Napping is also good for adults. |
| Becky: Really? How so? |
| Fira: They say that a short nap in the middle of the day can improve your productivity. But it’s difficult for people to nap when they have a full-time job. |
| Becky: That’s true. |
| Fira: For many women who are housewives and work hard throughout the day, or who may be pregnant, taking a nap is very common. It’s a way to recharge yourself and stay fresh. |
| Becky: Well, the next time I feel tired at work, maybe I’ll just have to take a snooze! |
| Fira: Sounds good. But first, we have to finish our lesson! |
| Becky: Okay, now onto the vocabulary. |
| VOCABULARY LIST |
| Becky: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Fira: ...tadi. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: “Earlier.” |
| Fira: Tadi. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Tadi. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Fira: ...tidur. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: “To sleep.” |
| Fira: Tidur. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Tidur. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Our next word is... |
| Fira: ...remaja. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: “Teenager.” |
| Fira: Remaja. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Remaja. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: The next one is... |
| Fira: ...masih. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: “Still.” |
| Fira: Masih. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Masih. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Fira: ...normal. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Meaning “normal.” |
| Fira: Normal. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Normal. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next... |
| Fira: ...bangun. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: “To wake up.” |
| Fira: Bangun. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Bangun. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: The next word is... |
| Fira: ...malam. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: “Evening.” |
| Fira: Malam. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Malam. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Our final word is... |
| Fira: ...teman. [natural native speed] |
| Becky: “Friend.” |
| Fira: Teman. [slowly - broken down by syllable] Teman. [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES |
| Becky: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Fira: ...tidur. |
| Becky: Meaning "to sleep." |
| Fira: We heard this in the dialogue when Budi said, Saya tadi sedang tidur. |
| Becky: Meaning, “I was sleeping.” |
| Fira: When someone is taking a nap, you use the same verb, but add the word siang after. So it becomes tidur siang. Siang means... |
| Becky: ...“daytime.” So altogether, the phrase literally means "to sleep in the daytime." Fira, can you give us a sentence with our key word? |
| Fira: Sure! Dia sedang tidur di kamarnya. |
| Becky: "He is sleeping in his bedroom." |
| Fira: Here’s another word you might find useful: tertidur. |
| Becky: It means "fallen asleep." Okay, our next key word is... |
| Fira: ...bangun. |
| Becky: Meaning "to wake up." Fira, can you use this in a sentence for us? |
| Fira: Sure! Besok saya harus bangun jam 6 pagi. |
| Becky: "Tomorrow I have to wake up at six o'clock in the morning." |
| Fira: If you change the suffix or prefix for this verb, you can change the meaning. For example, you can add the suffix -an to make the word bangunan, which means "building." If you add the prefix me- at the beginning of the verb, it becomes membangun, meaning "to build." |
| Becky: Okay, now onto the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
| Becky: In this lesson, you'll learn about how to make present and past progressive tenses in Indonesian. |
| Fira: As you know in the dialogue, Budi said, Saya tadi sedang tidur. |
| Becky: Meaning, “I was sleeping.” In the key vocabulary, we reviewed the verb for “to sleep.” But to say, “was sleeping,” we don’t conjugate the verb to a different form. |
| Fira: That’s right. The Indonesian language is tense-less. Instead of conjugating the verb to a different form, we use time signals in the sentence to clarify when the action takes place. |
| Becky: For example, you’ll refer to something being earlier or later to indicate the past or future. |
| Fira: To create the progressive tense, in English we use the form of a “to be” verb, plus the infinitive, plus an ending of “-ing.” |
| Becky: For example, “is sleeping.” |
| Fira: But in Indonesian, we add the time signal to indicate that something is in progress or “in the process of.” For formal situations, use the word sedang, and for informal situations, use lagi. Both words mean, “in the process of,” and they create the progressive tense. |
| Becky: That sounds pretty easy. Fira, can you give us some examples? |
| Fira: Of course! Here’s the first one: mereka sedang makan. |
| Becky: Meaning, "They’re eating." |
| Fira: Saya sedang bekerja. |
| Becky: "I'm working." |
| Fira: Dia lagi belajar. |
| Becky: "He is studying." |
| Fira: Notice that the first two examples used the word sedang, indicating a formal conversation. And the last example used lagi for an informal conversation. |
| Becky: Now we know how to create the progressive tense. How do we create the past tense? |
| Fira: Well, we need to add another time signal. |
| Becky: There are several words that you can use for this that all refer to something in the past. Let’s go through some examples. Fira will give you the Indonesian word, and I’ll give you the English translation. |
| Fira: Tadi. |
| Becky: “Earlier.” |
| Fira: Sudah. |
| Becky: “Already.” |
| Fira: Dulu. |
| Becky: “Ago.” |
| Fira: Kemarin. |
| Becky: “Yesterday.” |
| Fira: Tahun lalu. |
| Becky: “Last year.” |
| Fira: Waktu itu. |
| Becky: “At that time.” Fira, let’s see these words used in a couple of sentences. |
| Fira: Sure, here’s the first one. Dia tadi makan sebuah kue. |
| Becky: Meaning, "He ate a cake earlier." |
| Fira: Dia sudah makan sebuah kue. |
| Becky: "He already ate a cake." Now, notice the structure of the sentence here. |
| Fira: That’s right. The order of the words is the time signal, plus the verb. So Dia sudah makan sebuah kue literally means, “He earlier eat a cake.” The verb form doesn’t change. Only the time signal changes. |
| Becky: Check out the lesson notes for more examples of the past tense. |
| Fira: Now, we know how to create the progressive tense and the past tense. So, to create the past progressive tense, we just combine what we’ve learned. |
| Becky: So we add the time signal for something in the past, and the time signal for something “in the process of,” right? |
| Fira: That’s right. For example, we can use tadi, meaning “earlier,” and sedang, meaning “in the process of.” |
| Becky: Can you give us a sample sentence? |
| Fira: Okay. Tadi dia sedang makan kue. |
| Becky: That means, “He was eating a cake earlier.” |
| Fira: Right. Tadi means earlier, and sedang makan is the progressive form of “to eat.” If it was an informal situation, you could use the words lagi makan to create the progressive form. |
| Becky: Let’s hear another example with the past progressive. |
| Fira: Tahun lalu dia sedang mengajar di universitas. |
| Becky: “Last year he was teaching at the university.” |
| Fira: Check out the lesson notes for more examples. |
| MARKETING PIECE |
| Becky: Attention perfectionists! You’re about to learn how to perfect your pronunciation. |
| Fira: Lesson Review Audio Tracks. |
| Becky: Increase fluency and vocabulary fast with these short, effective audio tracks. |
| Fira: Super simple to use. Listen to the Indonesian word or phrase... |
| Becky: ...and then repeat it out loud in a loud clear voice. |
| Fira: You’ll speak with confidence knowing that you’re speaking Indonesian like the locals. |
| Becky: Go to IndonesianPod101.com, and download the Review Audio Tracks right on the lessons page today! |
Outro |
| Becky: Thank you for listening, everyone. See you next time! |
| Fira: Sampai jumpa lagi! |
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