Learn how to make simple arguments in the imperative and conditional moods
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to IndonesianPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 2 - You’d Better Study for Your Indonesian Test. Eric here. |
| Fira: Halo! I’m Fira! |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the imperative and conditional moods in Indonesian. The conversation takes place in a library. |
| Fira: It's between Surya and Lisa. |
| Eric: The speakers are friends, so they’ll use informal Indonesian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Surya: Lisa, aku kayaknya perlu waktu 1 hari lagi untuk menyelesaikan tugas ini. Menurut kamu boleh enggak kalau telat? |
| Lisa: Enggak! Kamu harus selesaikan sekarang juga. Kalau tidak, kamu mungkin enggak bakalan lulus mata kuliah ini. |
| Surya: Masa sih? Kok kamu bisa bilang begitu? |
| Lisa: Kamu ingat enggak si Eka? Tahun lalu dia kan dimarahi terus disuruh ulang mata kuliah sama dosen kita. |
| Surya: Oya? Kok bisa begitu? |
| Lisa: Katanya sih dia menyerahkan tugasnya enggak tepat waktu. |
| Surya: Wah ngeri juga. Kalau begitu aku harus begadang lagi dong malam ini! |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Surya: Lisa, I think I need one more day to finish this assignment. Do you think it’s okay to be late? |
| Lisa: No! You have to finish it now. If not, you probably won't be able to pass this course. |
| Surya: Really? How can you say that? |
| Lisa: Do you remember Eka? Last year he was scolded and then was told to retake the course by our lecturer. |
| Surya: Oh really? How come? |
| Lisa: They said he didn't submit the assignment on time. |
| Surya: Wow, that's scary. That means I have to stay up late again tonight, doesn't it? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Fira, where are the most popular destinations for Indonesian students studying abroad? |
| Fira: The most popular country is Australia. Australia is the closest country geographically, and that's why many Indonesian students study in Sydney and Melbourne. |
| Eric: And I’ve heard that America is a popular choice too. |
| Fira: That’s right. But nowadays China, Malaysia, Singapore and New Zealand are trying to attract more and more Indonesian students, so there’s been a big decline in students going to study in the US. |
| Eric: What do Indonesian students usually study when they go abroad? |
| Fira: Most are interested in studying business, IT, hospitality, and tourism. |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Fira: bergadang [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to stay awake at night |
| Fira: bergadang [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: bergadang [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Fira: ngeri [natural native speed] |
| Eric: fearful, scared |
| Fira: ngeri [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: ngeri [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Fira: masa [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Really, (expresses distrust or questions what the speaker said) |
| Fira: masa [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: masa [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Fira: bakalan [natural native speed] |
| Eric: will be |
| Fira: bakalan [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: bakalan [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Fira: menurut [natural native speed] |
| Eric: according to |
| Fira: menurut [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: menurut [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Fira: tepat [natural native speed] |
| Eric: exact, precise |
| Fira: tepat [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: tepat [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Fira: ingat [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to remember |
| Fira: ingat [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: ingat [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Fira: mata kuliah [natural native speed] |
| Eric: subject |
| Fira: mata kuliah [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: mata kuliah [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Fira: telat [natural native speed] |
| Eric: late |
| Fira: telat [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: telat [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Fira: dosen [natural native speed] |
| Eric: lecturer |
| Fira: dosen [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Fira: dosen [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Fira: tepat waktu |
| Eric: which means “on time.” |
| Fira: Tepat means “exact” or “precise,” and waktu means “time.” |
| Eric: So it literally means “exact time.” You can use it in both formal and informal situations. |
| Fira: For example, you can say.. Suratnya sampai tepat waktu. |
| Eric: ..which means “The letter arrived on time.” Okay, what's the next word? |
| Fira: masa sih |
| Eric: It means “really?” |
| Fira: The word masa is a word that expresses disbelief. |
| Eric: In English, it's closer to the expression “really?” or “I don't believe it!” |
| Fira: And sih is an emotive particle, usually added to soften the tone of questions. |
| Eric: You can use this phrase in informal conversations. Fira, is there an equivalent for formal situations? |
| Fira: No. In Indonesia it’s not considered very polite to doubt what someone has said to you. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Fira: Okay, here it is. Masa sih, kamu yakin kalau berita itu benar? |
| Eric: .. which means “Really, are you sure the news is true?” Okay, what's the last phrase? |
| Fira: menurut kamu |
| Eric: which means “in your opinion, according to you.” |
| Fira: The word menurut consists of the prefix me-, the root word turut, which means “to join,” “to follow,” “to participate” or “to take part.” And kamu is the informal “you.” |
| Eric: So it literally means “following you,” but you can translate it as “what do you think..?” |
| Fira: menurut kamu is a very common phrase to ask for someone's opinion. If you want to sound polite, just add the word apa at the beginning. apa menurut pendapat kamu? |
| Eric: It also means “What do you think,” but is more polite. Can you give us an example using this? |
| Fira: You can say.. Menurut kamu, apa yang harus saya lakukan? |
| Eric: .. which means “In your opinion, what should I do?” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn about the imperative and conditional moods in Indonesian. |
| Fira: In this case you can use the word Kalau, which means “if.” The kalau conjunction indicates that if the condition expressed in the subordinate clause takes place, the action or state of the main clause will also take place. |
| Eric: It is implied that the event in the subordinate clause has not occurred when the utterance is made. |
| Fira: Right. Which means that the verb that precedes kalau cannot be in the past tense. |
| Eric: In Indonesian, there isn’t any strict rule about putting the subordinate clause first before the main clause. |
| Fira: You can change the order and the meaning of the sentence will be the same, as long as you put kalau before the subordinate clause. |
| Eric: So there are two grammar structures. The first one is… |
| Fira: Kalau plus the subordinate clause and then the main clause. For example.. Kalau kamu rajin belajar, pasti kamu bisa lulus ujian. |
| Eric: “If you study hard, you can definitely pass the exam.” |
| Fira: Kalau bahan makanannya murah, mari kita beli yang banyak. |
| Eric: “If the groceries are cheap, let’s stock up!” The second grammar structure is… |
| Fira: a main clause plus Kalau, plus the subordinate clause. For example, Pasti kamu bisa lulus ujian, kalau kamu rajin belajar. |
| Eric: which means “You can definitely pass the exam, if you study hard.” |
| Fira: Mari kita beli yang banyak, kalau bahan makanannya murah. |
| Eric: “Let’s stock up, if the groceries are cheap.” Great! Now let's explain the negative conditional form. |
| Fira: That's simple. You just need to add the word tidak after the conjunction kalau, so it’ll be kalau tidak which means “if not.” For example, Kalau tidak datang pagian, kita tidak akan dapat tempat duduk. |
| Eric: “If we don’t come earlier, we won’t get seats.” |
| Fira: Another example is….Kalau tidak beli sekarang, mungkin besok akan habis. |
| Eric: “If you don’t buy it now, maybe tomorrow it will be gone.” |
| Fira: You can also insert a pronoun or noun between kalau and tidak. For example, Kalau kamu tidak bekerja hari ini, kita bisa menonton pertunjukan itu bersama. |
| Eric: “If you are not working today, we could watch that show together.” Ok. Our next grammar topic for this lesson is the verb for expressing obligation, which in Indonesian is… |
| Fira: Harus. It means “must”, “should,” or “have to.” |
| Eric: For example, you can say… |
| Fira: Kamu harus bangun sekarang. |
| Eric: which means “You have to wake up now.” |
| Fira: Saya harus mempersiapkan makanan. |
| Eric: “I have to prepare the food.” Now let’s combine the imperative “must” and the conditional “if not.” |
| Fira: Kamu harus bangun sekarang, kalau tidak kamu akan terlambat. |
| Eric: “You have to wake up now, if not you will be late.” |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Fira: Sampai jumpa lagi! |
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