Learn how to use the conjunction "because"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Gabriella: Hi everyone, this is Gabriella! Welcome back to IndonesianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1, Lesson 9 – Attending an Indonesian Dance Performance. |
| Fira: Hello! This is Fira. |
| Gabriella: In this lesson you’ll learn how to use the conjunction “because”. |
| Fira: The conversation is between Lisa and Hana, who are at a performance. |
| Gabriella: They’re good friends, so they’ll be using informal Indonesian. |
| DIALOGUE |
| LISA: Aku sudah lama ingin menonton pertunjukan tari tradisional Jawa. |
| HANA: Aku juga mengagumi tari tradisional Jawa. |
| LISA: Tempat ini luar biasa. Sayang ruang teaternya kecil jadi kehadiran penonton di sini sangat terbatas. |
| HANA: Karena tidak cukup besar, pertunjukan kadang digelar di tempat lain yang memiliki kapasitas ruangan lebih besar. |
| LISA: Hana, lihat! para aktor dan penari telah memasuki panggung. |
| HANA: Hari ini mereka akan mementaskan Ramayana, dan mereka telah banyak berlatih untuk pertunjukan ini. |
| LISA: Mereka semua memakai kostum tradisional, unik sekali! |
| Damon: Now, let's hear it with the English translation. |
| LISA: Aku sudah lama ingin menonton pertunjukan tari tradisional Jawa. |
| GABRIELLA: I have been dreaming of watching a traditional Javanese dance performance. |
| HANA: Aku juga mengagumi tari tradisional Jawa. |
| GABRIELLA: I also admire traditional Javanese dance. |
| LISA: Tempat ini luar biasa. Sayang ruang teaternya kecil jadi kehadiran penonton di sini sangat terbatas. |
| GABRIELLA: This place is amazing! Too bad the theater room is so small that the number of participants is very limited. |
| HANA: Karena tidak cukup besar, pertunjukan kadang digelar di tempat lain yang memiliki kapasitas ruangan lebih besar. |
| GABRIELLA: Because the room is not large enough, the performance is sometimes held in another place that has a bigger theater room. |
| LISA: Hana, lihat! para aktor dan penari telah memasuki panggung. |
| GABRIELLA: Hana, look! The actors and dancers are entering the stage. |
| HANA: Hari ini mereka akan mementaskan Ramayana, dan mereka telah banyak berlatih untuk pertunjukan ini. |
| GABRIELLA: Today they will present Ramayana, and they have practiced a lot for this show. |
| LISA: Mereka semua memakai kostum tradisional, unik sekali! |
| GABRIELLA: They are all wearing traditional costumes. It’s very unique! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Gabriella: Sounds like fun! Lisa and Hana are at the theatre and about to enjoy a traditional Javanese dance performance. |
| Fira: Indeed, and it’s a performance of Ramayana’s too! That’s a great Hindu epic. And because it’s a traditional Javanese dance, it’ll be accompanied by gamelan music, and colorful dresses. |
| Gabriella: Sounds gorgeous. What exactly is Javanese dance, Fira? How is it different from other traditional dances? |
| Fira: Good question, Gabriella. Javanese traditional dance is mostly influenced by Javanese culture. Unlike other dances, such as those of Bali or Aceh which are fast and expressive, Javanese dance is mostly slow, elegant, and controlled in movement. It also includes many graceful, humble poses. |
| Gabriella: It probably takes a lot of physical strength for those movements and poses. There are two kinds of Javanese dance, right? |
| Fira: Right! The first is Tari Keraton or “Palace Dance”, which is the dance developed by the people of the Javanese Palace. |
| Gabriella: The dance follows strict movements and gestures according to Javanese court discipline. |
| Fira: Exactly. In contrast, the second is Tari Kawulo or “Commoner Dance”, which was developed by people outside of the palace. And this one is more open to foreign influence in terms of its style. |
| Gabriella: Very interesting! We’ll be covering this a bit more in the next lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Gabriella: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Fira: Jawa [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: Java |
| Fira: Jawa [slowly - broken down by syllable] Jawa [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: Next |
| Fira: nonton [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: to watch |
| Fira: nonton [slowly - broken down by syllable] nonton [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: Next |
| Fira: tradisional [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: traditional |
| Fira: tradisional [slowly - broken down by syllable] tradisional [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: Next |
| Fira: luar biasa [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: amazing |
| Fira: luar biasa [slowly - broken down by syllable] luar biasa [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: Next |
| Fira: terbatas [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: limited |
| Fira: terbatas [slowly - broken down by syllable] terbatas [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: Next |
| Fira: pertunjukan [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: performance |
| Fira: pertunjukan [slowly - broken down by syllable] pertunjukan [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: Next |
| Fira: kostum [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: costume |
| Fira: kostum [slowly - broken down by syllable] kostum [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: And last... |
| Fira: semua [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: all |
| Fira: semua [slowly - broken down by syllable] semua [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Gabriella: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. Lisa says that space is limited. What’s “limited” in Indonesian, Fira? |
| Fira: That would be terbatas, from the sentence Penonton di sini terbatas, meaning “the number of participants is limited”. The root form of terbatas is batas, which is an adjective. When you add it to the prefix ter-, it also becomes an adjective of limitation. |
| Gabriella: So, every adjective with the prefix ter-, remains an adjective, but with an implication that something was done by accident, right? |
| Fira: You got it! Note that one function of the prefix ter- is to form an adjective with an additional meaning attached, one that is linked to an accidental or mistaken situation. For example buka. Do you know what this adjective means, Gabriella? |
| Gabriella: Yes! It means “open”, and when we add the prefix ter-, the meaning changes to “accidentally open”. |
| Fira: Exactly! Another example would be balik. |
| Gabriella: It is also an adjective that means “reverse something” or “turn it inside out”. And when the same prefix is added, it is “accidentally reversed”, “inverted”, or “backward”, as in a piece of clothing for example. |
| Fira: Here are some example sentences: Karena angin bertiup kencang, pintu itu terbuka. |
| Gabriella: “Because the wind was blowing hard, the door was open.” |
| Fira: Karena mengantuk, dia tidak sadar telah memakai baju terbalik |
| Gabriella: “Because he was very sleepy, he did not realize he was wearing his shirt inside out.” Great! Next we have the adjective for “all”. |
| Fira: Yes, the word semua in Indonesian means “all” and “every”. For example, semua orang means “everyone” or “everybody”, and semua hal means “everything”. |
| Gabriella: Can we have an example where it means “all”? |
| Fira: Of course! Andi mengundang hampir semua teman-temannya untuk merayakan promosinya. |
| Gabriella: “Andi invites almost all of his friends to celebrate his promotion.” And what’s our last word? |
| Fira: That would be tradisional, or “traditional”. We mostly place this word after the noun, like rumah tradisional or makanan tradisional. |
| Gabriella: And those mean “traditional house” and “traditional cuisine”, respectively. Thank you for those examples, Fira. Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Gabriella: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the conjunction “because”. This is called a conjunction of causation, because it states the cause of the condition or event in the main clause. Also, the distinguishing character of this conjunction is that it’s always located before the subordinate clause. In English, we know this conjunction is “because”, but how do you say it in Indonesian? |
| Fira: It can be either sebab or karena. |
| Gabriella: So, basically we can choose either one of those two because they’re interchangeable. Let’s use them in a sentence. |
| Fira: Ok. Kami sangat senang berlibur ke Jepang sebab penduduknya sangat ramah |
| Gabriella: “We are very delighted to travel to Japan because the people are very friendly.” |
| Fira: Karena keindahan alamnya pula, kami sangat senang berlibur ke Jepang |
| Gabriella: “Because of the beautiful scenery also, we are very delighted to travel to Japan.” Well, that sounds pretty simple. In English, there are so many other forms of this conjunction, such as “due to” or “caused by.” |
| Fira: You’re right. Compared with English, this conjunction in Indonesian is much simpler. |
| Gabriella: I like the Indonesian way better! In the dialogue, Hana used this conjunction to talk about the capacity of the theater. Can you give me another example sentence? |
| Fira: Absolutely. We also can use sebab. Sebab kapasitas yang terbatas, pertunjukan kadang digelar di tempat lain yang memiliki kapasitas ruangan lebih besar. |
| Gabriella: “Because the room is not large enough, the performance is sometimes held in another place that has a larger room capacity.” |
Outro |
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| Gabriella: Ok, that’s all for this lesson. Please be sure to check the lesson notes and leave us a comment, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Fira: Sampai jumpa lagi! |
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