Learn how to use sudah, meaning "already," from a conversation between two people in Indonesia
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Jason:Hi everyone. Jason here! Welcome back to IndonesianPod101.com. This is Absolute Beginner Season 1, Lesson 13 - What are your Indonesian Plans? |
| Fira:Hello everyone! I'm Fira! |
| Jason:In this lesson, you’re going to learn how to negate things in Indonesian. This continues on from lesson 12. |
| Fira:The conversation takes place at a hotel restaurant. Edi’s getting a little bite to eat before heading out for the afternoon. |
| Jason:Edi is talking to Wayan, who’s from Bali. They speak formal Indonesian. |
| Fira:Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Jason:Well, that was an interesting conversation. Wayan is asking some really personal questions here – like “Are you married?”, “Do you have children?”, “Do you have plans to live here?” For a lot of Westerners, these sorts of questions are a little too personal. |
| Fira:Well, it’s different in Indonesia. For most Indonesians, it’s important to know about the person they are talking to. |
| Jason:That’s true. This involves asking someone about their age, their occupation, and so on. And quite often, you’ll get questions about your marital status and the number of children you have. |
| Fira:Do you know why those last two questions are important, Jason? |
| Jason:Well, it’s because most Indonesians believe that one should be married and have a family, right? Otherwise, people just think that you’re a bit strange. |
| Fira:That’s certainly true. I guess many people start to worry about you if you don’t have a family by a certain age. But more and more young people are thinking it’s not as strange anymore. |
| Jason:So if I’m a single person in my 30s, but somebody asks me if I’m married in Indonesian, how do I answer that question? Should I say ‘No’? |
| Fira:As you may remember, we have the word Belum. This word actually means “not yet”. Or you can use the word we learned, Tidak meaning just “not”. |
| Jason:But listeners, remember that tidak might be grammatically correct, but it’s not considered to be culturally appropriate. So, if you want to be more appropriate in your response, you use the word belum – not yet. |
| Fira:Okay, let’s go to the vocab. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Jason:Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Fira:The first word is sudah. |
| Jason:It means “already” – as in, “I’ve been to Bali two times already.” |
| Fira:And actually, it has more meaning than ‘already’. Jason, do you know how else sudah is used in Indonesian conversation? |
| Jason:Yes, for sure. First of all, you can use it as an affirmative or positive response! If someone asks you a question that includes the word sudah, you can probably answer with the same word – sudah. |
| Fira:Let’s take an example. If you want to ask whether someone has eaten, you can ask “sudah makan?” Sudah means ‘already’, and makan means ‘to eat’. So literally it means “already eat”? |
| Jason:And how do you respond to that, Fira? |
| Fira:Well, you can say the same two words like ‘Sudah Makan’, but with a different intonation. |
| Jason:So the question is... |
| Fira:sudah makan? |
| Jason:And the answer is... |
| Fira:sudah makan. |
| Jason:In Indonesian, you can also simply say the word sudah by itself. Ok, let’s try another one. Fira, how do we say “Have you been for a walk already?” in Indonesian. |
| Fira:Sudah jalan-jalan? (slowly) Sudah jalan-jalan? |
| Jason:So remember that “sudah” is going to be extremely important for any conversation you’ll have in Indonesian. |
| Fira:This is very true! Don’t underestimate how many times you’ll use this. |
| Jason:Okay, now on to the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Jason:In this lesson, we’re going to learn how to negate things in Indonesian. |
| Fira:In lesson 12, we learned the negative word “tidak”. |
| Jason:Right. But we can only use tidak when we want to negate verbs. So, how do we say “I don’t want to eat”? |
| Fira:Saya tidak mau makan. Sa-ya ti-dak ma-u ma-kan. |
| Jason:What if you want to say “I’m not a teacher” – that is, if someone’s asking about my job. How do we go about that? |
| Fira:In that case, you can use the word “bukan”. |
| Jason:Good. Remember listeners, bukan is what you use if you want to negate nouns. So, how do we use it in a sentence? |
| Fira:Well, it’s pretty simple. Remember that tidak goes before the verb, right? With bukan, you put it before the noun, as if that noun were a verb. |
| Jason:OK. Then how would you say “I am not a teacher”? Remember that the word for teacher is guru. |
| Fira:Saya bukan guru. Instead of tidak, you use the negation word bukan to negate nouns. |
| Jason:Let’s do another example. How do we say ‘Tuti isn’t American’? |
| Fira:Tuti bukan orang Amerika. Remember, when we talk about nationalities, we say orang to mean “person” |
| Jason:Now let’s move on to the other negation word. |
| Fira:The next word is ‘belum’. |
| Jason:To see how we use it, let’s listen to the conversation once again. In the dialogue, Wayan asked |
| Fira:Sudah punya anak, mas? |
| Jason:“Do you have children yet, brother?”, then Edi said |
| Fira:Belum... |
| Jason:“Not yet.” Fira, why did Edi say belum instead of tidak? |
| Fira:It’s because the question had the word ‘Sudah’ which literally means ‘already’. |
| Jason:Right. Both tidak and belum are used to negate verbs, but in slightly different ways. If the question contains the adverb sudah – meaning “already” then it’s appropriate to respond with belum. |
| Fira:That’s right – you should listen for the word sudah. |
Outro |
|---|
| Jason:Okay. That’s it for this lesson. |
| Fira:Thank you for listening everyone. |
| Jason:See you next time! |
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